IEA-2020全球电动汽车展望

         The Global EV Outlook is an annual publication that identifies and discusses recent developments in electric mobility across the globe. It is developed with the support of the members of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI). Combining historical analysis with projections to 2030, the report examines key areas of interest such as electric vehicle and charging infrastructure deployment, ownership cost, energy use, carbon dioxide emissions and battery material demand. This edition features case studies on transit bus electrification in Kolkata (India), Shenzhen (China), Santiago (Chile) and Helsinki (Finland). The report includes policy recommendations that incorporate learning from frontrunner markets to inform policy makers and stakeholders that consider policy frameworks and market systems for electric vehicle adoption. This edition also features an update on the performance and costs of batteries. It further extends the life cycle analysis conducted in Global EV Outlook 2019, assessing the technologies and policies that will be needed to ensure that EV battery end-of-life treatment contributes to the fullest extent to sustainability and CO2 emissions reductions objectives. Finally, it analyses how off-peak electricity demand charging, dynamic controlled charging (V1G) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) could mitigate the impact of EVs on peak demand, facilitate the integration of variable renewables and reduce electricity generation capacity needs.

　　《全球电动汽车展望》是一本年度出版物，旨在关注并讨论全球电动汽车的最新发展，是在电动汽车计划（EVI）的支持下完成的。该报告将对历年情况进行分析并预测了2030年的电动车重点领域发展。例如电动汽车和充电基础设施的部署、成本分析、能源利用率、二氧化碳排放、以及电池材料需求等。此版本以印度加尔各答、深圳（中国）、圣地亚哥（智利）和赫尔辛基（芬兰）的公交公共汽车电气化为例，研究了相关政策和市场体系，并提出建议。本报告还对电池的性能和成本进行了分析，进一步扩展了在《 2019年全球电动汽车展望》中进行的生命周期分析，评估了确保电动汽车电池报废处理方法，有助于实现可持续性和减少二氧化碳排放目标所需的技术和政策。最后，分析了非高峰期的电力需求，充电、动态控制充电（V1G）和车辆到电网（V2G）如何减轻电动汽车对高峰需求的影响，促进可变可再生能源的整合并减少电力负担。