汽车轻量化及安全性评价
What They're Saying about Lightweighting & Safety
1. Russ Rader, IIHS
Bloomberg, February 12, 2018
Russ Rader, an IIHS spokesman, said that the institute was "supportive of the fuel economy standards as implemented. The Obama-era changes to the rules, essentially using a sliding scale for fuel economy improvements by vehicle footprint, addressed safety concerns that IIHS raised in the past." he added.
彭博社，2018年2月12日，IIHS发言人Russ Rader表示，该研究所支持已实施的燃油经济性标准。奥巴马对规则的更改，主要是按比例增减车辆足迹来改善燃油经济性，解决了IIHS过去提出的安全问题，他补充道。
2 David Zuby, IIHS
Associated Press, July 31, 2018
David Zuby, chief research officer at the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, said he’s doubtful about the administration’s estimate of lives saved because other factors could affect traffic deaths, such as automakers agreeing to make automatic emergency braking standard on all models before 2022. 'hey’re making assumptions about stuff that may or may not be the same, he said.
美联社，2018年7月31日，公路安全保险研究所首席研究官戴维·祖比（David Zuby）表示，他对政府挽救生命的估计表示怀疑，因为其他因素可能会影响交通死亡情况，例如汽车制造商同意在2022年之前对所有车型制定自动紧急制动标准。他说，人们正在对可能相同或不同的东西做出假设。
3 Jack Gillis, Consumer Federation of America
Bloomberg, July 27, 2018
The idea that fuel efficiency standards are causing vehicles to be less safe is ludicrous, said Jack Gillis, executive director of the Consumer Federation of America. The U.S. auto industry has just experienced its two largest selling years in history, and fuel efficiency is helping. People love their SUVs and pickups, but they love them even more when they save money on gas.
彭博社，2018年7月27日，美国消费者联合会执行董事杰克·吉利斯（Jack Gillis）表示，燃油效率标准导致车辆的安全性降低的想法是荒谬的。 美国汽车工业刚刚经历了历史上最畅销的两年，燃油效率帮了大忙。人们喜欢 SUV和皮卡，但他们更喜欢省油的 SUV 和皮卡。
4 Antonio Bento, CARB
Bloomberg, July 27, 2018
A 2017 study by researchers from the University of Southern California, Yale University and the University of California at Irvine suggests that weight reductions distributed across the full array of vehicle types available to consumers can reduce fatalities. {Antonio} Bento, who works on vehicle issues with the California Air Resources Board, was skeptical of NHTSA’s {safety} argument. We have no empirical evidence to that effect, he said.
彭博社，2018年7月27日，南加州大学，耶鲁大学和加州大学尔湾分校的研究人员在2017年进行的一项研究表明，在消费者所有类型的可使用的车辆中减轻的重量可以减少死亡人数。Bento是加州空气资源委员会的车辆问题负责人，他对NHTSA的“安全”论点表示怀疑。 他说：“我们对此毫无经验证明”。
5 Dan Becker, Safe Climate Campaign
Bloomberg, February 12, 2018
Dan Becker, director of the Safe Climate Campaign, pushed back against the notion that fuel economy standards contributed to traffic deaths, noting that fatalities have declined while fuel economy standards have become more stringent since they first took effect in the 1970’s. The reason is better technology and design, not the changing weight of vehicles, said Becker, whose organization is affiliated with the Center for Auto Safety.
彭博社，2018年2月12日，安全气候运动组织的负责人丹·贝克尔（Dan Becker）反驳了燃油经济性标准导致交通事故死亡率增加的说法，他指出，自20世纪70年代首次实施燃油经济性标准以来，死亡人数已经下降，而燃油经济性标准已经变得更加严格。汽车安全中心的贝克尔说，原因在于更好的技术和设计，而不是车辆重量的变化。
6 Giorgio Rizzoni, Center for Automotive Research at Ohio State University
Associated Press, July 31, 2018
“Allow me to be skeptical,” said Giorgio Rizzoni, an engineering professor and director of the Center for Automotive Research at Ohio State University. 'To say that safety is a direct result of somehow freezing the fuel economy mandate for a few years, I think that’s a stretch.'”
美联社，2018年7月31日，俄亥俄州立大学汽车研究中心工程学教授兼主任乔治 · 里佐尼(giorgio rizzoni)说“请允许我持怀疑态度，“说安全是几年内冻结燃油经济性命令的直接结果，我认为这是夸大其词”。
7 David Greene, University of Tennessee
E&E News, August 1, 2018
But that rationale {downweighting is bad for safety} has largely been debunked, said David Greene, a civil and environmental engineering professor at the University of Tennessee and a member of the National Academies fuel economy committee. '``he problem with that argument is that it didn't take into account that all of the light-duty vehicles would be made lighter and the cars weren't made smaller,'``he said. That leads to a simple physics equation — if all cars are lighter, there's less kinetic energy involved in any crash. Therefore, the force between two vehicles is reduced when they collide.
2018年8月1日，田纳西大学土木与环境工程学教授、美国国家学院燃料经济委员会成员David Greene说: “这种‘减轻重量不利于安全’的理论基本上是不成立的” 。他对这种说法的质疑是，这种观点没有考虑到所有的轻型车辆都会变得更轻，而车辆并没有变得更小。用一个简单的物理方程式解释ーー如果所有的汽车都更轻，那么任何碰撞所涉及的动能就会更少。因此，当两车相撞时，两车之间的作用力减小了。
8 John German, ICCT
E&E News, July 30, 2018
The safety argument has two prongs. One is that automakers often achieve increases in fuel efficiency by light-weighting vehicles, which makes them less safe in the event of a crash. The other is that the Obama-era standards would have raised the price of new vehicles, thus encouraging people to keep their older, less safe models. But both prongs have been 'largely debunked,' said John German, a senior fellow at the International Council on Clean Transportation. In the old days, when they talked about lighter vehicles being less safe, it was actually that weight was correlated with size, and the smaller vehicles were correlated with fatalities.
《 ICCTE＆E新闻》，2018年7月30日，安全论证来自两个方面。一个是汽车制造商经常通过轻量化车辆来实现燃油效率的提高，这使其在发生碰撞时的安全性降低。另一个是奥巴马的标准会抬高新车的价格，从而导致人们保留旧的、不太安全的车型。 国际清洁运输委员会高级研究员约翰 · 格尔曼（John German)说，这两个问题已经基本上被否定了。在过去，当人谈论轻型汽车的安全性较低时，实际上是在说重量与车辆尺寸有关，而较小的汽车与死亡人数有关。
9 Tom Wenzel, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
E&E News, August 1, 2018
The Obama-era standards incentivize reducing mass in the heaviest of vehicles to reduce the spread between vehicle weights across all classes, said Tom Wenzel, a research scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's energy efficiency standards group. Wenzel's research has replicated recent NHTSA studies showing that carmakers can reduce mass while maintaining a vehicle's footprint — the space between four wheels — and cause the same number of deaths, or possibly fewer…We've kind of resolved the issue that mass reductions do not inherently increase fatalities.
电气与电子新闻，2018年8月1日，劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室能源研究科学家汤姆·温泽尔（Tom Wenzel）表示，奥巴马的标准鼓励减少最重车辆的质量，以减少各类车辆重量之间的差距，温泽尔的研究重复了美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）的最新研究，这些研究表明，汽车制造商可以在保持车辆占地面积（四个车轮之间的空间）的同时减少质量，并产生相同数量的死亡率，甚至更少的死亡率……我们已经解决了因质量减少而增加死亡率的问题。
10 Therese Langer, ACEEE
Bloomberg, February 12, 2018
Suggestions that an easing of the Obama-era standards would reduce fatalities ‘does not seem consistent with the findings of this report, said Therese Langer, transportation program director at the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy and a member of the National Academy of Science’s committee that produced the 2015 analysis.
彭博社，2018年2月12日，“宽松的奥巴马标准可以减少死亡人数的说法似乎与这份报告的结论不一致，”美国节能经济委员会交通运输项目主管、2015年分析报告编写者、美国国家科学院委员会成员Therese Langer说。
11 National Academy of Science
Bloomberg, February 12, 2018
“In 2015, the {National Academy of Science} released a new study that concluded the change to a footprint measurement had satisfied many of its safety concerns.”
彭博社，2018年2月12日，在 2015年，美国国家科学院发布了一项新研究，研究表明改用足迹测量法满足了许多安全问题。
12 NHTSA, EPA, CARB
Technical Assessment Report, 2016
Reducing the mass of the heavier vehicles also enhances societal safety… mass reduction of up to 20 percent is feasible on light trucks,(crossovers) and minivans.
NHTSA，EPA，CARB，2016年技术评估报告指出减轻重型车辆的质量也提高了社会安全性……轻型卡车、（跨界车）和小型货车的质量降低至20％是可行的。
